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Disease files

What is neurodegeneration?

Neurodegeneration refers to the malfunctioning or loss of specific cells (neurons) in the brain or spinal cord. When these cells do not function properly, the brain cannot, for example, learn new facts or signal the muscles in the body to move.

The most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic later sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's. But neurodegeneration also happens as a result of a stroke, a blow to the spinal cord or head, or bleeding in the brain. 

What do we know about their causes?

The brain is a remarkable organ. More than 100 billion neurons form a sophisticated network that constantly monitors and controls all of our voluntary actions (such as speech and movement) and automatic functions (such as memory, hearing and breathing). When neurons are damaged, brain function is disrupted. For example, chemicals travel to and from cells acting as signals directing cells how to behave. Too much, too little, or the wrong ratios of these chemicals will damage cells. And when neurons die in large numbers, function is lost.

In rare instances, neurodegenerative diseases are inherited and scientists have identified several of the responsible mutations in various genes. But in most cases, disease is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental influences and, as a result, seems to appear randomly in the population. As we learn more about the inherited and environmental risk factors, we will be able to give individuals a better idea of their personal risk profile.

What about treatments?

There are no cures for neurodegenerative diseases. While current treatments may slow progress or alleviate discomfort, they will not halt the course of disease nor restore lost brain function.  

There is however real reason to be optimistic. We contend that there has been stunning recent progress in the field of neuroscience and related technologies. Now's the time to accelerate further focus on the basic mechanisms that cause neurodegenerative diseases and advance such discoveries into meaningful treatments for patients!